> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.antares.id/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.antares.id/en/code-and-library-examples/stm32-lora-arduino-ide/sending-simple-data-to-antares.md). # Sending Simple Data to Antares In this project you will be directed to send dummy data from the **STM32 LoRa Discovery Kit** to the **Antares IoT Platform** using LoRa connectivity with the LoRaWAN protocol. The LoRaWAN protocol is divided into two classes, Class A and Class C, each class has its own advantages and disadvantages, for more details please visit the following page. {% content-ref url="/pages/2drjc2iLUddplq9EcqUq" %} [LoRaWAN Class](/en/code-and-library-examples/esp32-lora/lorawan-class.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ### Prerequisites The required materials follow the **General Prerequisites** on the previous page. If you have not prepared the requirements in that time, then you can visit the following page {% content-ref url="/pages/B8JPcIc5ffMuFEAZPBC3" %} [General Prerequisites STM32 (LoRa) Arduino IDE](/en/code-and-library-examples/stm32-lora-arduino-ide/general-prerequisites-stm32-lora-arduino-ide.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ## Follow These Steps ### 1. Launch the Arduino IDE Application ### 2. Open Sample Programme {% hint style="info" %} You can open the programme code in the Arduino IDE via **File > Examples > Antares LoRaWAN > send-class-A-ABP.** {% endhint %} Here is the programme code of the **send-class-A-ABP example.** ``` #include //ABP Credentials /* Notes: - select ABP Activation on ANTARES - select inherit to generate your keys - nwkSKey: 32 digit hex, you can put 16 first digits by first 16 digits your access key and add 16 digits with 0 (ex : abcdef01234567890000000000000000) - appSKey: 32 digit hex, put 16 first digits by 0 and put last 16 digits by last 16 digit your access key (ex : 0000000000000000abcdef0123456789) */ const char *devAddr = "Lora-Device-Address"; // Replace with the Device Address that you have in the Antares console const char *nwkSKey = "Network-Session-Key"; // Replace with the Network Session Key that you have in the Antares console const char *appSKey = "Application-Session-Key"; // Replace with the Application Session Key that you have in the Antares console const unsigned long interval = 10000; // 10 s interval to send message unsigned long previousMillis = 0; // will store last time message sent unsigned int counter = 0; // message counter char myStr[50]; char outStr[255]; byte recvStatus = 0; int channel; #if defined(ARDUINO_ESP32_DEV) const sRFM_pins RFM_pins = { .CS = 5, //LYNX32 to RFM NSS .RST = 0, //LYNX32 to RFM RST .DIO0 = 27, //LYNX32 to RFM DIO0 .DIO1 = 2, //LYNX32 to RFM DIO1 }; #elif defined(ARDUINO_B_L072Z_LRWAN1) const sRFM_pins RFM_pins = { .CS = PA15, //STM32L0 to NSS .RST = PC0, //STM32L0 to RST .DIO0 = PB4, //STM32L0 to DIO0 .DIO1 = PB1, //STM32L0 to DIO1 }; #else #error *** ONLY SUPPORTS LYNX32 AND B-L072Z-LRWAN1 *** #endif void setup() { #if defined(ARDUINO_B_L072Z_LRWAN1) SPI.setMOSI(PA7); SPI.setMISO(PA6); SPI.setSCLK(PB3); SPI.begin(); #elif !defined(ARDUINO_ESP32_DEV) #error *** ONLY SUPPORTS LYNX32 AND B-L072Z-LRWAN1 *** #endif // Setup loraid access Serial.begin(115200); delay(2000); if (!lora.init()) { Serial.println("RFM95 not detected"); delay(5000); return; } // Set LoRaWAN Class change CLASS_A or CLASS_C lora.setDeviceClass(CLASS_A); // Set Data Rate lora.setDataRate(SF10BW125); // set channel to random lora.setChannel(MULTI); // Set TxPower to 15 dBi (max) lora.setTxPower1(15); // Put ABP Key and DevAddress here lora.setNwkSKey(nwkSKey); lora.setAppSKey(appSKey); lora.setDevAddr(devAddr); } void loop() { // Check interval overflow if (millis() - previousMillis > interval) { previousMillis = millis(); sprintf(myStr, "Lora Counter-%d", counter); Serial.print("Sending : "); Serial.println(myStr); lora.sendUplink(myStr, strlen(myStr), 0, 5); counter++; channel = lora.getChannel(); Serial.print(F("Ch : ")); Serial.print(channel); Serial.println(" "); } // Check Lora RX lora.update(); recvStatus = lora.readData(outStr); if (recvStatus) { int counter = 0; for (int i = 0; i < recvStatus; i++) { if (((outStr[i] >= 32) && (outStr[i] <= 126)) || (outStr[i] == 10) || (outStr[i] == 13)) counter++; } if (counter == recvStatus) { Serial.print(F("Received String : ")); for (int i = 0; i < recvStatus; i++) { Serial.print(char(outStr[i])); } } else { Serial.print(F("Received Hex : ")); for (int i = 0; i < recvStatus; i++) { Serial.print(outStr[i], HEX); Serial.print(" "); } } Serial.println(); } } ``` ### 3. Set LoRaWAN Parameters in Antares On the Antares Device console page, **set LoRa** by pressing the Set LoRa button as shown below.
{% tabs %} {% tab title="Class A" %} Input LoRaWAN parameters with **Lora Device Class A, Activation Mode ABP, ABP Parameters Inherit** as shown below. {% hint style="info" %} When selecting **ABP Parameters Inherit**, the LoRa parameters will be generated by Antares. From the device side, the **Lynx32 Development Board** needs to adjust the LoRa parameters. {% endhint %} {% hint style="warning" %} Don't forget to save (copy) the **Network Session Key** and **Application Session Key** parameters before clicking Set LoRa to facilitate the next process. {% endhint %}

The Form image contains the LoRa Class A Parameter Set.

{% hint style="danger" %} Make sure your antares account has an active LoRa package. {% endhint %} {% endtab %} {% tab title="Class C" %} Input LoRaWAN parameters with **Lora Device Class C, Activation Mode ABP, ABP Parameters Inherit** as shown below. {% hint style="info" %} When selecting **ABP Parameters Inherit**, the LoRa parameters will be generated by Antares. From the device side, the **Lynx32 Development Board** needs to adjust the LoRa parameters. {% endhint %} {% hint style="warning" %} Don't forget to save (copy) the **Network Session Key** and **Application Session Key** parameters before clicking Set LoRa to facilitate the next process. {% endhint %}

The Form image contains the LoRa Class C Parameter Set.

{% hint style="danger" %} Make sure your antares account has an active LoRa package. {% endhint %} {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ### 4. Set LoRaWAN Parameters in Programme Code Change the LoRaWAN ABP parameters in the following variables \*devAddr, \*nwkSkey, and \*appsKey. Adjust to the parameters in the Antares console. ``` const char *devAddr = "Lora-Device-Address"; const char *nwkSKey = "Network-Session-Key"; const char *appSKey = "Application-Session-Key" ``` {% hint style="info" %} The **\*devAddr** parameter that has been generated by Antares can be seen on the device page after completing the **LoRa Set.** {% endhint %} {% hint style="info" %} The parameters **\*nwkSKey** and **\*appSKey** are obtained during **Set LoRa** in the previous step. {% endhint %}

Figure Antares Console Page After successful LoRa Set.

{% hint style="info" %} If you forgot to save **\*nwkSkey** and **\*appSKey** in the previous step then look at the accesskey in your antares account then follow the following format. ``` Example Accesskey = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb"; //32 digit accesskey const char *nwkSKey = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa0000000000000000"; //16 digit first accesskey plus 16 digit zero const char *appSKey = "0000000000000000bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb"; //16 digit zero plus 16 digit last acesskey ``` {% endhint %} ### 5. Compile and Upload Program Connect the **STM32 LoRa Discovery Kit** with your computer and make sure the **Communication Port** is read. {% hint style="info" %} On Windows operating systems, checking can be done through the **Device Manager**. If your **STM32 LoRa Discovery Kit** is read, the **STMicroelectronics STLink Virtual COM Port** appears with the port adjusting the port availability (in this case it reads **COM5**). {% endhint %}

Device Manager image on Windows.

Set up the **STM32 LoRa Discovery Kit** board by clicking **Tools > Board > STM32 MCU Based Board** in the Arduino IDE, then make sure the one used is **Discovery**. Change the Board Part Number to **B-L072Z-LRWAN1**. Change Upload Method to **STM32CUBEProgrammer (SWD)** Select the port according to the communication port that is read (in this case COM5). The result will look like the following image.

Image of Tools Menu on Arduino IDE

After all the setup is complete, upload the programme by pressing the arrow icon as shown below. Wait for the compile and upload process to finish {% hint style="info" %} **The Checklist icon** in the Arduino IDE is just the verify process. Usually used to **Compile** the programme to find out if there are errors or not. **The Arrow icon** on the Arduino IDE is the verify and upload process. Usually used to **Compile** the programme as well as flash the programme on the target board. {% endhint %}

Image of the Verify and Upload icons in the Arduino IDE.

If the programme upload is successful, it will look like the following image.

Arduino IDE page image after successful upload.

After uploading the programme, you can view the **serial monitor** to debug the programme. The **serial monitor** icon is shown in the following image.

Image of the Serial Monitor Icon in the Arduino IDE.

Set the **serial baud rate** to 115200 and select BothNL & CR. The result will look like the following image. {% hint style="danger" %} Make sure the **serial baud rate** matches the value defined in the programme code. If the **serial baud rate** is not the same between the **programme code** and the **serial monitor**, the ASCII characters will not be read properly. {% endhint %}

Serial Monitor Display

### **5. Check Data in Antares** After uploading the programme successfully, then open the device antares page and see if the data has been successfully sent.

Image of the Antares Console Page When Data is Successfully Received.

The form of the data received by the antares will be JSON in the following format ``` { "type": "uplink", "port": 5, "data": "Lora Counter-0", "counter": 0, "devEui": "b9dc778f871ed781", "radio": { "gps_time": null, "hardware": { "snr": 9.3, "rssi": -53 }, "datarate": 2, "modulation": { "bandwidth": 125000, "spreading": 10 }, "delay": 0.0010647773742675781, "freq": 922, "size": 27 } } ``` {% hint style="info" %} The data sent from the **STM32 LoRa Discovery Kit** is in the form of **"counter", "port"**, and message in the JSON field **"data"**. While other parameters are supporting parameters generated by the Antares LoRaWAN Infrastructure. {% endhint %}